Their formulation of two dimensions of test anxiety has been operationalized by Spielberger et al. (1978) in the development of the Test Anxiety Inventory. However, based on a comprehensive review of test anxiety studies, Wine (1982).

1 ( ) 2 one-group quasi-experimental pretest/post-test design - - STAI Y (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) Spielberger Y (state) & ) ) / Wilcoxon signed ranks test Spearmans rank order correlation Kruskal Wallis test Mann Whitney test p.